![]() Frozen thawed semen needs to be placed close to the site of fertilization (the fallopian tube) for acceptable conception rates intrauterine insemination is highly recommended. In some countries, elective surgeries such as these are not permitted.įigure 18-2 Vaginal endoscopic view of a vestibulovaginal developmental anomaly (dorsoventral septate band) preventing natural breeding.Ĭryopreservation and subsequent thawing diminish semen quality, necessitating special insemination technology. The laparoscopic approach to the canine uterus has been used infrequently, especially in the practice setting, similarly because of its relative invasiveness (i.e., multiple incisions and insufflation) and because it requires special equipment, expertise, and again, anesthesia. In addition to its invasiveness, laparotomy requires general anesthesia, which many clinicians and clients find objectionable for an elective procedure such as artificial insemination. 1, 2 Historically, intrauterine insemination required an invasive procedure (laparotomy or laparoscopy) in the bitch. ![]() The normal anatomy of the vagina and cervix in the bitch has also hampered transcervical access to the canine uterus until rigid cystourethroscopes were developed. Sampling of the female reproductive tract via laparoscopy or laparotomy is invasive pelvic canal anatomy again limits access. Ultrasonography provides good information about the reproductive tract but has limited penetration into the vagina within the pelvic canal. 1 Plain radiography provides limited information about the female reproductive tract, and contrast radiography requires anesthesia and evaluates only the lumen. Hereby the semen is deposited directly in the uterus by means of an endoscopically guided flexible catheter.Diagnostic vaginoscopy has traditionally been hampered by the normal anatomy of the canine vagina and is now greatly facilitated by the development of rigid cystourethroscopes with excellent optics and accessories permitting insufflation and tissue sampling for cytologic, histopathologic, and culture analysis. In general the results of inseminations with chilled semen can be just as good as a natural mating if the semen after collection is of good quality, the timing is good and the insemination is done by TCI. This is the minimal amount of semen needed for fertilisation (100-150 million sperms with good motility and morphology).įor optimal results the best way to organise matings with chilled semen is to ensure that there is a maximum timeframe between the collection and the insemination of 36 hours. The price of freezing is higher than chilling and the transportation of frozen semen is more costly because of the need of using special containers with liquid nitrogen (dry shippers).Īnother advantage of using chilled semen is the use of the total collection for shipping and insemination while with frozen semen a collection is most of the time divided into several breeding-units. The costs of using chilled semen in total (collection, extending, packaging, transportation) are less than using frozen semen. You can see a photo of the box shown here.Īfter arriving at the destination the semen can be stored in a refrigerator if more time is needed for the female to reach the optimum time period. For most destinations this is enough to send the semen without loss of quality. The USA and Canada are countries where we can send chilled canine semen to with good results.įor the actual transportation at 4 degrees centrigrade we use a disposable box that can hold the cooled semen for 2 days. ![]() In that way an objective documentation is warranted.Ĭhilled semen is very easy to use in case of a short period of stocking the semen or for distribution within Europe and to other countries where quarantine regulations make it impossible to do so. It is also possible to email the moving images and the morphology images. We can send this digitally to the owner of the male and the receiving party before sending the semen. Right after the collection we complete a quality assessment before and after extending. The extenders are: Canirep, Mofa and Minitube. We use different extenders depending on the time needed to cover and the specific semen factors. The capability of fertilising ova is most of the time much less possible. Depending on the quality of the semen, the extender and the cooling curve it is possible to keep the motility up to 10 days. The preservation of semen for several days is possible by spinning it immediately after collection and adding a chilled semen extender and gradually cooling it to 4 degrees centrigrade.
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